Motivar la Lectura Utilizando Textos Significativos con Conocimientos Ancestrales Relacionados a la Hoja de Coca en Estudiantes de Primaria

Abstract

La investigación aborda la problemática del escaso hábito lector en los estudiantes, destacando la necesidad de implementar estrategias innovadoras que despierten su interés por la lectura. En este contexto, se propuso el uso de textos significativos relacionados con la hoja de coca para fortalecer la comprensión lectora. Este tema fue elegido por su relevancia en la cultura andina y por su carácter controversial, ya que los tabúes existentes han generado temor y desvalorización en la población. Se resalta que, en su estado natural, la hoja de coca posee beneficios para la salud, aunque su transformación química puede volverla perjudicial, como ocurre con la cocaína. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño descriptivo, utilizando entrevistas, observación y análisis de respuestas para la elaboración de los textos. Los resultados evidenciaron un impacto positivo, ya que la mayoría de los estudiantes mostró interés por aprender sobre la hoja de coca y participó activamente en las actividades de lectura. De este modo, se concluye que la integración de contenidos culturales significativos no solo favorece la adquisición de conocimientos, sino que también contribuye al fortalecimiento del hábito lector.

Abstract This research stems from the concern that students' reading habits are lacking, and that it is necessary to find new ways to engage and attract students to reading in educational institutions. Its objective is to propose meaningful texts related to the coca leaf to strengthen reading comprehension. I became interested in this topic because I believe the coca leaf is a highly controversial subject in our Andean culture, and its importance could be at risk in the future if we do not raise awareness among new generations about the significance of this sacred leaf in our Andean communities. Furthermore, it is necessary to acknowledge that certain taboos surrounding the coca leaf and its use cause the Andean population of Puno to fear giving this sacred leaf the cultural value it deserves. The coca leaf in its natural state is very beneficial to our health, but if it is altered by adding chemicals that activate certain alkaloids, it could be harmful, similar to cocaine. However, the positive benefits outweigh the negative ones if it is used in its natural form. Finally, combining all this information with the importance of reading encourages us to gain new knowledge and, at the same time, strengthen this reading habit in our students. By achieving its objective, the project will go beyond a simple analysis, as it will help to revalue the cultural significance of the coca leaf as a sacred leaf in our Andean worldview. The approach is qualitative with a descriptive design, based on interviews with collected information that will serve as the basis for creating meaningful texts, as well as observation and analysis of the responses obtained. The results were positive, considering that most students showed appreciation for the knowledge they were gaining about the coca leaf and also demonstrated enjoyment while reading and participating in individual and group activities related to the meaningful texts. Keywords: Reading, ancestral knowledge, coca leaf, meaningful texts and reading comprehension

Pisi Rimayllapi Willasayki Kay yachay maskayqa, yachakuqkunapa ñawinchay yachayninku mana kasqanmanta llakikuymantam hamun, chaynallataqmi musuq ñankunata maskana, yachay wasikunapi yachaqkunata ñawinchayman yaykuchinapaq, aysayta ima. Paypa munayninqa coca raphiwan tupaq allin yuyayniyuq qillqakunata yuyaymanaymi, ñawinchay hamutay kallpanchanapaq. Kay temapiqa interesakurqanim, creeni coca raphiqa ancha ch’aqwayniyuq tema kasqanmanta, chaymi hamuq punchawkunapiqa peligropi tarikunman, sichus mana musuq miraykunaman concienciachisunchu kay sagrado raphipa significacionninmanta andino llaqtanchikkunapi. Chaymantapas, riqsikunanchikmi, wakin tabúkuna coca raphimanta hinaspa chaypa servichikusqanmanta, Puno llaqtapi andino runakunata manchakun kay sagrado raphiman valor culturalta quyta. Coca raphiqa estado naturalninpiqa ancha allinmi qhali kayninchispaq, ichaqa sichus cambiakunman wakin alcaloides nisqakunata activaq químicos nisqakunata yapaspa chayqa, mana allinmi kanman, cocaina nisqaman rikch’akuq. Ichaqa, allin allinninkunaqa aswan allinmi mana allinkunamantaqa, sichus natural kayninpi utilizakun chayqa. Tukuchanapaq, tukuy kay willayta ñawiriy ancha chaniyuq kayninwan tinkuchispaqa, musuq yachaykunata jap’inapaq kallpachawanchik, chaywanpis, yachakuq masinchikkunapi kay ñawiriy yachayta kallpachanchik. Objetivonta hunt’aspaqa, proyectoqa manan huk análisis simple nisqallatachu ruwanqa, chaymi yanapanqa coca raphiq significación culturalninta, sagrado raphi hina, andino pacha qhawariyninchispi, mosoqmanta chaninchanapaq. Chay enfoqueqa cualitativo nisqa diseño descriptivo nisqawanmi, huñusqa willakuykunawan entrevistakunapi hapipakuspa, chaymi kanqa base hina textokuna significativo ruwanapaq, chaynallataqmi qawarispa, análisis nisqapipas kutichiykuna tarisqamanta. Chay ruwasqakunaqa allinmi karqa, qawarispam yaqa llapan yachakuqkuna coca raphimanta yachay tarisqankuta chaninchasqankuta qawachirqaku, chaynallataqmi kusikuyniyuq kasqankuta qawachirqaku sapakama hinaspa huñupi ruwaykunapi, chaywan tupaq qillqakunawan tupaq. Chanin rimaykuna: Ñawinchay, ñawpa yachay, coca raphi, ancha chaniyuq qillqakuna, ñawinchay hamut’ay ima.